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Red Book (2018)

Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 31st Edition

By AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases
Edited by David W. Kimberlin, MD, FAAP, Michael T. Brady, MD, FAAP and Mary Ann Jackson, MD, FAAP
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Extending an 8-decade tradition of excellence, Red Book provides the most reliable and clinically useful information on the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood infectious diseases.

https://shop.aap.org/red-book-2018-paperback/

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  1. Page XXXV
    Summary of Major Changes in the 2018 Red Book
  2. Page 1
    Part I. Active and Passive Immunization
    1. Page 1
      Prologue
    2. Page 7
      Sources of Information About Immunization
    3. Page 7
      Discussing Vaccines With Patients and Parents
      1. Page 7
        Addressing Parents’ Questions About Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness
      2. Page 7
        Common Misconceptions About Immunizations and the Institute of Medicine Findings
      3. Page 8
        Resources for Optimizing Communications With Parent About Vaccines
      4. Page 11
        Parental Refusal of Immunizations
    4. Page 13
      Active Immunization
      1. Page 17
        Vaccine Ingredients
      2. Page 20
        Vaccine Handling and Storage
      3. Page 26
        Vaccine Administration
      4. Page 30
        Managing Injection Pain
      5. Page 31
        Timing of Vaccines and the Immunization Schedule
      6. Page 34
        Minimum Ages and Minimum Intervals Between Vaccine Doses
      7. Page 34
        Interchangeability of Vaccine Products
      8. Page 35
        Simultaneous Administration of Multiple Vaccines
      9. Page 36
        Combination Vaccines
      10. Page 38
        Lapsed Immunizations
      11. Page 38
        Unknown or Uncertain Immunization Status
      12. Page 38
        Vaccine Dose
      13. Page 39
        Active Immunization of People Who Recently Received Immune Globulin and Other Blood Products
      14. Page 41
        Vaccine Safety
        1. Page 41
          Risks and Adverse Events
        2. Page 43
          Institute of Medicine Reviews of Adverse Events After Immunization
        3. Page 45
          Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
        4. Page 46
          Vaccine Safety Datalink Project
        5. Page 49
          Post-Licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring (PRISM)
        6. Page 50
          Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project
        7. Page 51
          Vaccine Injury Compensation
        8. Page 52
          Hypersensitivity Reactions After Immunization
        9. Page 53
          Immediate-Type Allergic Reactions
        10. Page 54
          Delayed-Type Allergic Reactions
        11. Page 54
          Other Vaccine Reactions
    5. Page 55
      Passive Immunization
      1. Page 56
        Immune Globulin Intramuscular (IGIM)
      2. Page 58
        Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
      3. Page 62
        Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (IGSC)
      4. Page 64
        Treatment of Anaphylactic Reactions
    6. Page 67
      Immunization in Special Clinical Circumstances
      1. Page 67
        Immunization in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants
      2. Page 69
        Immunization in Pregnancy
      3. Page 72
        Immunization and Other Considerations in Immunocompromised Children
      4. Page 91
        Immunization in Children With a Personal or Family History of Seizures
      5. Page 92
        Immunization in Children With Chronic Diseases
      6. Page 93
        Immunization in American Indian/Alaska Native Children and Adolescents
      7. Page 95
        Immunization in Adolescent and College Populations
      8. Page 97
        Immunization in Health Care Personnel
      9. Page 100
        Children Who Received Immunizations Outside the United States or Whose Immunization Status is Unknown or Uncertain
      10. Page 103
        International Travel
  3. Page 113
    Part II. Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances
    1. Page 113
      Human Milk
      1. Page 114
        Immunization of Mothers and Infants
      2. Page 115
        Transmission of Infectious Agents via Human Milk
      3. Page 121
        Antimicrobial Agents and Other Drugs in Human Milk
      4. Page 121
        Biologic Response Modifiers in Human Milk
    2. Page 122
      Children in Out-of-Home Child Care
      1. Page 122
        Modes of Spread of Infectious Diseases
      2. Page 125
        Management and Prevention of Infectious Diseases
    3. Page 136
      School Health
      1. Page 138
        Diseases Preventable by Routine Childhood Immunization
      2. Page 140
        Infections Spread by the Respiratory Route
      3. Page 141
        Infections Spread by Direct Contact
      4. Page 143
        Infections Spread by the Fecal-Oral Route
      5. Page 144
        Infections Spread by Blood and Body Fluids
    4. Page 147
      Infection Control and Prevention for Hospitalized Children
      1. Page 148
        Isolation Precautions
      2. Page 158
        Strategies to Prevent Health Care-Associated Infections
      3. Page 159
        Occupational Health
      4. Page 160
        Sibling Visitation
      5. Page 161
        Adult Visitation
      6. Page 161
        Pet Visitation
    5. Page 163
      Infection Control and Prevention in Ambulatory Settings
    6. Page 165
      Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Children
      1. Page 165
        STIs in Adolescents
      2. Page 168
        STIs in Children
    7. Page 176
      Medical Evaluation for Infectious Diseases for Internationally Adopted, Refugee, and Immigrant Children
      1. Page 178
        Consideration for Testing for Infectious Agents
        1. Page 178
          Hepatitis A
        2. Page 179
          Hepatitis B
        3. Page 179
          Hepatitis C
        4. Page 180
          Intestinal Pathogens
        5. Page 181
          Tissue Parasites/Eosinophilia
        6. Page 181
          Syphilis
        7. Page 182
          Tuberculosis
        8. Page 183
          HIV Infection
        9. Page 183
          Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
        10. Page 184
          Other Infectious Diseases
    8. Page 185
      Injuries From Discarded Needles in the Community
      1. Page 186
        Wound Care and Tetanus Prophylaxis
      2. Page 186
        Bloodborne Pathogens
      3. Page 189
        Preventing Needlestick Injuries
    9. Page 189
      Bite Wounds
    10. Page 195
      Prevention of Mosquitoborne and Tickborne Infections
      1. Page 196
        General Protective Measures
      2. Page 197
        Repellents for Use on Skin
      3. Page 200
        Tick Inspection and Removal
      4. Page 200
        Other Preventive Measures
    11. Page 201
      Prevention of Illnesses Associated with Recreational Water Use
  4. Page 205
    Part III. Summaries of Infectious Diseases
    1. Page 205
      Actinomycosis
    2. Page 206
      Adenovirus Infections
    3. Page 208
      Amebiasis
    4. Page 211
      Amebic Meningoencephalitis and Keratitis
    5. Page 214
      Anthrax
    6. Page 220
      Arboviruses
    7. Page 227
      Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Infections
    8. Page 228
      Ascaris lumbricoides Infections
    9. Page 230
      Aspergillosis
    10. Page 234
      Astrovirus Infections
    11. Page 235
      Babesiosis
    12. Page 237
      Bacillus cereus Infections and Intoxications
    13. Page 239
      Bacterial Vaginosis
    14. Page 242
      Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Infections
    15. Page 243
      Balantidium coli Infections (Balantidiasis)
    16. Page 244
      Bartonella henselae (Cat-Scratch Disease)
    17. Page 247
      Baylisascaris Infections
    18. Page 248
      Infections With Blastocystis hominis and Other Subtypes
    19. Page 249
      Blastomycosis
    20. Page 251
      Bocavirus
    21. Page 252
      Borrelia Infections Other Than Lyme Disease (Relapsing Fever)
    22. Page 255
      Brucellosis
    23. Page 258
      Burkholderia Infections
    24. Page 260
      Campylobacter Infections
    25. Page 263
      Candidiasis
    26. Page 269
      Chancroid and Cutaneous Ulcers
    27. Page 271
      Chikungunya
    28. Page 273
      Chlamydial Infections
      1. Page 273
        Chlamydia pneumoniae
      2. Page 274
        Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot Fever)
      3. Page 276
        Chlamydia trachomatis
    29. Page 283
      Clostridial Infections
      1. Page 283
        Botulism and Infant Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
      2. Page 286
        Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene)
      3. Page 288
        Clostridium difficile
      4. Page 292
        Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning
    30. Page 294
      Coccidioidomycosis
    31. Page 297
      Coronaviruses, Including SARS and MERS
    32. Page 301
      Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Infections (Cryptococcosis)
    33. Page 304
      Cryptosporidiosis
    34. Page 307
      Cutaneous Larva Migrans
    35. Page 308
      Cyclosporiasis
    36. Page 309
      Cystoisosporiasis (Formerly Isosporiasis)
    37. Page 310
      Cytomegalovirus Infection
    38. Page 317
      Dengue
    39. Page 319
      Diphtheria
    40. Page 323
      Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Related Infections (Human Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, and Related Infections Attributable to Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae)
    41. Page 328
      Serious Bacterial Infections Caused by Enterobacteriaceae (With Emphasis on Septicemia and Meningitis in Neonates)
    42. Page 331
      Enterovirus (Nonpoliovirus) (Group A and B Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, Numbered Enteroviruses)
    43. Page 334
      Epstein-Barr Virus Infections (Infectious Mononucleosis)
    44. Page 338
      Escherichia coli Diarrhea (Including Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome)
    45. Page 344
      Other Fungal Diseases
    46. Page 350
      Fusobacterium Infections (Including Lemierre Disease)
    47. Page 352
      Giardia intestinalis (Formerly Giardia lamblia and Giardia duodenalis) Infections (Giardiasis)
    48. Page 355
      Gonococcal Infections
    49. Page 365
      Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
    50. Page 367
      Haemophilus influenzae Infections
    51. Page 375
      Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
    52. Page 378
      Helicobacter pylori Infections
    53. Page 381
      Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Arenaviruses
    54. Page 384
      Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Bunyaviruses
    55. Page 387
      Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Filoviruses: Ebola and Marburg
    56. Page 392
      Hepatitis A
    57. Page 401
      Hepatitis B
    58. Page 428
      Hepatitis C
    59. Page 434
      Hepatitis D
    60. Page 436
      Hepatitis E
    61. Page 437
      Herpes Simplex
    62. Page 449
      Histoplasmosis
    63. Page 453
      Hookworm Infections (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus)
    64. Page 454
      Human Herpesvirus 6 (Including Roseola) and 7
    65. Page 457
      Human Herpesvirus 8
    66. Page 459
      Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
    67. Page 476
      Influenza
    68. Page 490
      Kawasaki Disease
    69. Page 497
      Kingella kingae Infections
    70. Page 498
      Legionella pneumophila Infections
    71. Page 501
      Leishmaniasis
    72. Page 504
      Leprosy
    73. Page 508
      Leptospirosis
    74. Page 511
      Listeria monocytogenes Infections (Listeriosis)
    75. Page 515
      Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Infection)
    76. Page 523
      Lymphatic Filariasis (Bancroftian, Malayan, and Timorian)
    77. Page 525
      Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
    78. Page 527
      Malaria
    79. Page 537
      Measles
    80. Page 550
      Meningococcal Infections
    81. Page 561
      Human Metapneumovirus
    82. Page 563
      Microsporidia Infections (Microsporidiosis)
    83. Page 565
      Molluscum Contagiosum
    84. Page 566
      Moraxella catarrhalis Infections
    85. Page 567
      Mumps
    86. Page 573
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Other Mycoplasma Species Infections
    87. Page 575
      Nocardiosis
    88. Page 577
      Norovirus and Sapovirus Infections
    89. Page 580
      Onchocerciasis (River Blindness, Filariasis)
    90. Page 582
      Human Papillomaviruses
    91. Page 590
      Paracoccidioidomycosis (Formerly Known as South American Blastomycosis)
    92. Page 591
      Paragonimiasis
    93. Page 593
      Parainfluenza Viral Infections
    94. Page 595
      Parasitic Diseases
    95. Page 601
      Human Parechovirus Infections
    96. Page 602
      Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease)
    97. Page 606
      Pasteurella Infections
    98. Page 607
      Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)
    99. Page 612
      Pediculosis Corporis (Body Lice)
    100. Page 613
      Pediculosis Pubis (Pubic Lice, Crab Lice)
    101. Page 614
      Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    102. Page 620
      Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
    103. Page 634
      Pinworm Infection (Enterobius vermicularis)
    104. Page 635
      Pityriasis Versicolor (Formerly Tinea Versicolor)
    105. Page 637
      Plague
    106. Page 639
      Pneumococcal Infections
    107. Page 651
      Pneumocystis jirovecii Infections
    108. Page 657
      Poliovirus Infections
    109. Page 664
      Polyomaviruses (BK, JC, and Other Polyomaviruses)
    110. Page 666
      Prion Diseases: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
    111. Page 671
      Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii Infection)
    112. Page 673
      Rabies
    113. Page 680
      Rat-Bite Fever
    114. Page 682
      Respiratory Syncytial Virus
    115. Page 692
      Rhinovirus Infections
    116. Page 693
      Rickettsial Diseases
    117. Page 696
      Rickettsialpox
    118. Page 697
      Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
    119. Page 700
      Rotavirus Infections
    120. Page 705
      Rubella
    121. Page 711
      Salmonella Infections
    122. Page 718
      Scabies
    123. Page 721
      Schistosomiasis
    124. Page 723
      Shigella Infections
    125. Page 727
      Smallpox (Variola)
    126. Page 730
      Sporotrichosis
    127. Page 732
      Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
    128. Page 733
      Staphylococcus aureus
    129. Page 746
      Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections
    130. Page 748
      Group A Streptococcal Infections
    131. Page 762
      Group B Streptococcal Infections
    132. Page 768
      Non-Group A or B Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
    133. Page 772
      Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
    134. Page 773
      Syphilis
    135. Page 788
      Tapeworm Diseases (Taeniasis and Cysticercosis)
    136. Page 791
      Other Tapeworm Infections (Including Hydatid Disease)
    137. Page 793
      Tetanus (Lockjaw)
    138. Page 798
      Tinea Capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp)
    139. Page 801
      Tinea Corporis (Ringworm of the Body)
    140. Page 804
      Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
    141. Page 806
      Tinea Pedis and Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) (Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm of the Feet)
    142. Page 808
      Toxocariasis (Visceral Toxocariasis [a Form of Visceral Larva Migrans], Ocular Toxocariasis [a Form of Ocular Larva Migrans])
    143. Page 809
      Toxoplasma gondii Infections (Toxoplasmosis)
    144. Page 819
      Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis and Other Species)
    145. Page 820
      Trichomonas vaginalis Infections (Trichomoniasis)
    146. Page 823
      Trichuriasis (Whipworm Infection)
    147. Page 824
      African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)
    148. Page 826
      American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
    149. Page 829
      Tuberculosis
    150. Page 853
      Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (Environmental Mycobacteria, Mycobacteria Other Than Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
    151. Page 861
      Tularemia
    152. Page 864
      Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus)
    153. Page 865
      Epidemic Typhus (Louseborne or Sylvatic Typhus)
    154. Page 867
      Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum Infections
    155. Page 869
      Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
    156. Page 883
      Vibrio Infections
      1. Page 883
        Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
      2. Page 887
        Other Vibrio Infections
    157. Page 888
      West Nile Virus
    158. Page 891
      Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections (Enteritis and Other Illnesses)
    159. Page 894
      Zika Virus
  5. Page 903
    Part IV. Antimicrobial Agents and Related Therapy
    1. Page 903
      Introduction
      1. Page 904
        Fluoroquinolones
      2. Page 905
        Tetracyclines
      3. Page 906
        Other Agents
    2. Page 906
      Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Appropriate and Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents
      1. Page 906
        Antimicrobial Resistance
      2. Page 907
        Factors Contributing to Resistance
      3. Page 907
        Antimicrobial Resistance Threats
      4. Page 908
        Actions to Prevent or Slow Antimicrobial Resistance
      5. Page 909
        Antimicrobial Stewardship
      6. Page 910
        Role of the Medical Provider
      7. Page 910
        Principles of Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Therapy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
    3. Page 913
      Drug Interactions
    4. Page 914
      Tables of Antibacterial Drug Dosages
    5. Page 933
      Sexually Transmitted Infections
    6. Page 938
      Antifungal Drugs for Systemic Fungal Infections
      1. Page 938
        Polyenes
      2. Page 940
        Pyrimidines
      3. Page 940
        Azoles
      4. Page 941
        Echinocandins
    7. Page 945
      Recommended Doses of Parenteral and Oral Antifungal Drugs
    8. Page 957
      Topical Drugs for Superficial Fungal Infections
    9. Page 967
      Non-HIV Antiviral Drugs
    10. Page 986
      Drugs for Parasitic Infections
    11. Page 1027
      MedWatch—The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event-Reporting Program
  6. Page 1030
    Part V. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
    1. Page 1030
      Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
      1. Page 1030
        Infection-Prone Body Sites
      2. Page 1032
        Exposure to Specific Pathogens
      3. Page 1032
        Vulnerable Hosts
    2. Page 1032
      Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Pediatric Surgical Patients
      1. Page 1033
        Guidelines for Appropriate Use
      2. Page 1033
        Indications for Prophylaxis
      3. Page 1035
        Surgical Site Infection Criteria
      4. Page 1036
        Timing of Administration of Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents
      5. Page 1036
        Dosing and Duration of Administration of Antimicrobial Agents
      6. Page 1036
        Preoperative Screening and Decolonization
      7. Page 1036
        Recommended Antimicrobial Agents
    3. Page 1045
      Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis
    4. Page 1047
      Prevention of Neonatal Ophthalmia
      1. Page 1047
        Gonococcal Ophthalmia
      2. Page 1048
        Chlamydial Ophthalmia
      3. Page 1048
        Pseudomonal Ophthalmia
      4. Page 1049
        Other Nongonococcal, Nonchlamydial Ophthalmia
      5. Page 1050
        Administration of Neonatal Ophthalmic Prophylaxis
  7. Page 1103
    Appendices
  8. Page 1103
    Directory of Resources
  9. Page 1058
    Codes for Commonly Administered Pediatric Vaccines/Toxoids and Immune Globulins
  10. Page 1059
    Vaccine Injury Table
  11. Page 1070
    Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in the United States
  12. Page 1072
    Guide to Contraindications and Precautions to Immunizations
  13. Page 1083
    Prevention of Disease From Contaminated Food Products
  14. Page 1087
    Clinical Syndromes Associated With Foodborne Diseases
  15. Page 1094
    Diseases Transmitted by Animals (Zoonoses)

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