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Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, 17th edition

By American Academy of Pediatrics
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Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and policy statements from the AAP!

Clinical practice guidelines have long provided physicians with an evidence-based decision-making tool for managing common pediatric conditions. Policies issued and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) represent the AAP position on child health care issues.

More than 40 clinical practice guidelines and more than 500 policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports have been combined into this 17th edition, giving you even easier access to the important clinical and policy information you need.

Now includes eBook access!

Updated and expanded for 2017

* Printed text and eBook access of all AAP clinical practice guidelines and full text of 2016 AAP policy statements

* Complete 2016 AAP policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports

* Quick reference tools including coding tips and patient education handouts

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  1. Page 1
    Section 1. Clinical Practice Guidelines From the American Academy of Pediatrics
    1. Page 3
      Foreword
    2. Page 5
      Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
      1. Page 5
        ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
      2. Page 23
        Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    3. Page 47
      Brief Resolved Unexplained Events
      1. Page 49
        Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants
      2. Page 81
        Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants: Executive Summary
      3. Page 85
        Brief Resolved Unexplained Events Quick Reference Tools
    4. Page 89
      Bronchiolitis
      1. Page 91
        The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis
      2. Page 121
        Bronchiolitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    5. Page 125
      Diabetes
      1. Page 127
        Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) in Children and Adolescents
      2. Page 147
        Technical Report: Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
      3. Page 165
        Diabetes Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    6. Page 169
      Dysplasia of the Hip
      1. Page 171
        Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
      2. Page 181
        Technical Report Summary: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Practice Guideline
      3. Page 191
        Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    7. Page 195
      Febrile Seizures
      1. Page 197
        Febrile Seizures: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Long-Term Management of the Child with Simple Febrile Seizures
      2. Page 203
        Febrile Seizures: Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic Evaluation of the Child with a Simple Febrile Seizure
      3. Page 211
        Febrile Seizures Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Tools
    8. Page 215
      Hyperbilirubinemia
      1. Page 217
        Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation
      2. Page 239
        Technical Report Summary: An Evidence-Based Review of Important Issues Concerning Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
      3. Page 253
        Technical Report: Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation
      4. Page 261
        2009 Commentary: Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant Dclentgezzz35 Weeks’ Gestation: An Update with Clarifications
      5. Page 267
        2009 Commentary: Universal Bilirubin Screening, Guidelines, and Evidence
      6. Page 271
        Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    9. Page 275
      Otitis Media
      1. Page 277
        The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media
      2. Page 313
        Otitis Media With Effusion
      3. Page 333
        Otitis Media Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Tools
    10. Page 343
      Sinusitis
      1. Page 345
        Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years
      2. Page 365
        Technical Report: Evidence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in Children: A Systematic Review
      3. Page 379
        Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    11. Page 383
      Sleep Apnea
      1. Page 385
        Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
      2. Page 395
        Technical Report: Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
      3. Page 437
        Sleep Apnea Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
    12. Page 441
      Urinary Tract Infection
      1. Page 443
        Reaffirmation of Aap Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children 2-24 Months of Age
      2. Page 449
        Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Uti in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months
      3. Page 465
        Technical Report-Diagnosis and Management of an Initial Uti in Febrile Infants and Young Children
      4. Page 487
        2011 Commentary: The New American Academy of Pediatrics Urinary Tract Infection Guideline
      5. Page 491
        Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools
  2. Page 495
    Section 2. Endorsed Clinical Practice Guidelines
    1. Page 497
      Autism Spectrum Disorder
      1. Page 497
        Screening and Diagnosis of Autism
    2. Page 497
      Cerebral Palsy
      1. Page 497
        Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Cerebral Palsy
    3. Page 497
      Community-acquired Pneumonia
      1. Page 497
        The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age
    4. Page 497
      Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
      1. Page 497
        Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
    5. Page 498
      Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
      1. Page 498
        Evidence-Based Guideline Summary: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular Dclentampzzz Electrodiagnostic Medicine
    6. Page 498
      Depression
      1. Page 498
        Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (Glad-Pc): I. Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management
      2. Page 498
        Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (Glad-Pc): Ii. Treatment and Ongoing Management
    7. Page 499
      Dialysis
      1. Page 499
        Shared Decision-Making in the Appropriate Initiation of and Withdrawal From Dialysis, 2nd Edition
    8. Page 499
      Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
      1. Page 499
        Practice Guideline Update Summary: Corticosteroid Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    9. Page 499
      Dysplasia of the Hip
      1. Page 499
        Guideline on Detection and Nonoperative Management of Pediatric Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants Up to Six Months of Age: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline
    10. Page 499
      Emergency Medical Services
      1. Page 499
        National Model EMS Clinical Guidelines
    11. Page 499
      Endocarditis
      1. Page 499
        Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines From the American Heart Association
    12. Page 500
      Fluoride
      1. Page 500
        Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States
    13. Page 500
      Food Allergy
      1. Page 500
        Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Report of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel
    14. Page 500
      Gastroenteritis
      1. Page 500
        Managing Acute Gastroenteritis Among Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and Nutritional Therapy
    15. Page 500
      Gastroesophageal Reflux
      1. Page 500
        Guidelines for Evaluation and Treatment of Gastro Esophageal Reflux in Infants and Children
    16. Page 501
      Group B Streptococcal Disease
      1. Page 501
        Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: Revised Guidelines From Cdc, 2010
    17. Page 501
      Helicobacter pylori Infection
      1. Page 501
        Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment
    18. Page 501
      Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
      1. Page 501
        Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
    19. Page 501
      Hemorrhage
      1. Page 501
        An Evidence-Based Prehospital Guideline for External Hemorrhage Control
    20. Page 501
      Human Immunodeficiency Virus
      1. Page 501
        Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Hiv-Exposed and Hiv-Infected Children
    21. Page 503
      Immunocompromised Host
      1. Page 503
        2013 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Immunization of the Immunocompromised Host
    22. Page 503
      Influenza
      1. Page 503
        Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children-Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    23. Page 503
      Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
      1. Page 503
        Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
    24. Page 504
      Jaundice
      1. Page 504
        Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic Jaundice in Infants
    25. Page 504
      Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      1. Page 504
        Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in Adults and Children
    26. Page 504
      Migraine Headache
      1. Page 504
        Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine Headache in Children and Adolescents
    27. Page 504
      Palliative Care
      1. Page 504
        Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, Third Edition
    28. Page 504
      Radiology
      1. Page 504
        Neuroimaging of the Neonate
    29. Page 505
      Sedation and Analgesia
      1. Page 505
        Clinical Policy: Evidence-Based Approach to Pharmacologic Agents Used in Pediatric Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department
    30. Page 505
      Seizure
      1. Page 505
        Evaluating a First Nonfebrile Seizure in Children
    31. Page 505
      Status Epilepticus
      1. Page 505
        Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Status Epilepticus (an Evidence-Based Review)
    32. Page 506
      Tobacco Use
      1. Page 506
        Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update
    33. Page 507
      Vesicoureteral Reflux
      1. Page 507
        Report on the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children
  3. Page 509
    Section 3. Affirmation of Value Clinical Practice Guidelines
    1. Page 511
      Asthma
      1. Page 511
        Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Guidelines for Health Care Providers
    2. Page 511
      Palliative Care and Hospice
      1. Page 511
        Standards of Practice for Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice
    3. Page 511
      Sleep Apnea
      1. Page 511
        Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Management of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    4. Page 511
      Turner Syndrome
      1. Page 511
        Care of Girls and Women With Turner Syndrome: A Guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group
  4. Page 513
    Section 4. 2016 Policies from the American Academy of Pediatrics
    1. Page 515
      Introduction
      1. Page 1381
        Section 5. Current Policies From the American Academy of Pediatrics
        1. Page 1383
          2016 Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care
        2. Page 1383
          AAP Principles Concerning Retail-Based Clinics
        3. Page 1383
          Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children
        4. Page 1383
          Access to Optimal Emergency Care for Children
        5. Page 1383
          ACCF/AHA/AAP Recommendations for Training in Pediatric Cardiology
        6. Page 1383
          Achieving Quality Health Services for Adolescents
        7. Page 1383
          Addressing Early Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems
        8. Page 1384
          Addressing Early Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems (Technical Report)
        9. Page 1384
          Admission and Discharge Guidelines for the Pediatric Patient Requiring Intermediate Care
        10. Page 1384
          Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools
        11. Page 1384
          Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools (Technical Report)
        12. Page 1384
          Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues
        13. Page 1385
          Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues-Addendum
        14. Page 1385
          Adolescents and Hiv Infection: The Pediatrician’s Role in Promoting Routine Testing
        15. Page 1385
          Adolescents and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Role of the Pediatrician in Prevention and Intervention
        16. Page 1385
          The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care When Considering Abortion
        17. Page 1385
          Advanced Practice in Neonatal Nursing
        18. Page 1385
          Age Limits of Pediatrics
        19. Page 1385
          Age Terminology During the Perinatal Period
        20. Page 1386
          Alcohol Use by Youth and Adolescents: A Pediatric Concern
        21. Page 1386
          Allergy Testing in Childhood: Using Allergen-Specific Ige Tests
        22. Page 1386
          All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention: Two-, Three-, and Four-Wheeled Unlicensed Motor Vehicles
        23. Page 1386
          Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children
        24. Page 1386
          Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscitation and Intensive Care Before 25 Weeks of Gestation
        25. Page 1387
          Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
        26. Page 1387
          The Apgar Score
        27. Page 1387
          Apnea of Prematurity
        28. Page 1387
          Application of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale System to Pediatrics
        29. Page 1387
          Assessment and Management of Inguinal Hernia in Infants
        30. Page 1388
          Athletic Participation by Children and Adolescents Who Have Systemic Hypertension
        31. Page 1388
          Atopic Dermatitis: Skin-Directed Management
        32. Page 1388
          Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Abuse
        33. Page 1388
          Auditory Integration Training and Facilitated Communication for Autism
        34. Page 1388
          Baseball and Softball
        35. Page 1388
          Best Practices for Improving Flow and Care of Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department
        36. Page 1388
          Bicycle Helmets
        37. Page 1389
          Binge Drinking
        38. Page 1389
          Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents
        39. Page 1389
          Boxing Participation by Children and Adolescents
        40. Page 1389
          Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
        41. Page 1390
          The Built Environment: Designing Communities to Promote Physical Activity in Children
        42. Page 1390
          Calcium and Vitamin D Requirements of Enterally Fed Preterm Infants
        43. Page 1390
          Cardiovascular Health Supervision for Individuals Affected by Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy
        44. Page 1390
          Cardiovascular Monitoring and Stimulant Drugs for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
        45. Page 1390
          Care Coordination in the Medical Home: Integrating Health and Related Systems of Care for Children With Special Health Care Needs
        46. Page 1391
          Care of Adolescent Parents and Their Children
        47. Page 1391
          Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim
        48. Page 1391
          Caregiver-Fabricated Illness in a Child: A Manifestation of Child Maltreatment
        49. Page 1391
          The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts, Controversies Regarding the Sleeping Environment, and New Variables to Consider in Reducing Risk
        50. Page 1391
          Cheerleading Injuries: Epidemiology and Recommendations for Prevention
        51. Page 1392
          Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact On Children
        52. Page 1392
          Chemical-Management Policy: Prioritizing Children’s Health
        53. Page 1392
          Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
        54. Page 1392
          Child Fatality Review
        55. Page 1393
          Child Life Services
        56. Page 1393
          Child Passenger Safety
        57. Page 1393
          Child Passenger Safety (Technical Report)
        58. Page 1393
          Child Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation: Health Care Needs of Victims
        59. Page 1394
          Children, Adolescents, and Advertising
        60. Page 1394
          Children, Adolescents, and Television
        61. Page 1394
          Children, Adolescents, and the Media
        62. Page 1394
          Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media
        63. Page 1394
          Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media
        64. Page 1394
          Children and Adolescents and Digital Media
        65. Page 1395
          Children as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors
        66. Page 1395
          Children in Pickup Trucks
        67. Page 1395
          Children’s Health Insurance Program (Chip): Accomplishments, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations
        68. Page 1395
          Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children
        69. Page 1396
          Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children (Technical Report)
        70. Page 1396
          Circumcision Policy Statement
        71. Page 1396
          Classifying Recommendations for Clinical Practice Guidelines
        72. Page 1396
          Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents
        73. Page 1397
          Clinical Genetic Evaluation of the Child With Mental Retardation or Developmental Delays
        74. Page 1397
          Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
        75. Page 1397
          Clostridium Difficile Infection in Infants and Children
        76. Page 1397
          Cochlear Implants in Children: Surgical Site Infections and Prevention and Treatment of Acute Otitis Media and Meningitis
        77. Page 1398
          Codeine: Time to Say Dclentldquozzzno”
        78. Page 1398
          Collaborative Role of the Pediatrician in the Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents
        79. Page 1398
          Communicating With Children and Families: From Everyday Interactions to Skill in Conveying Distressing Information
        80. Page 1398
          Community Pediatrics: Navigating the Intersection of Medicine, Public Health, and Social Determinants of Children’s Health
        81. Page 1398
          Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delays
        82. Page 1399
          Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the Newly Adopted Child
        83. Page 1399
          Condom Use by Adolescents
        84. Page 1399
          Conflicts Between Religious or Spiritual Beliefs and Pediatric Care: Informed Refusal, Exemptions, and Public Funding
        85. Page 1399
          Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
        86. Page 1399
          Congenital Brain and Spinal Cord Malformations and Their Associated Cutaneous Markers
        87. Page 1400
          A Consensus Statement On Health Care Transitions for Young Adults With Special Health Care Needs
        88. Page 1400
          Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care
        89. Page 1400
          Consent for Emergency Medical Services for Children and Adolescents
        90. Page 1400
          Consumption of Raw or Unpasteurized Milk and Milk Products by Pregnant Women and Children
        91. Page 1400
          Contraception for Adolescents
        92. Page 1401
          Contraception for Adolescents (Technical Report)
        93. Page 1401
          Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents
        94. Page 1401
          Controversies Concerning Vitamin K and the Newborn
        95. Page 1401
          Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by Same-Sex Parents
        96. Page 1401
          Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by Same-Sex Parents (Technical Report)
        97. Page 1401
          Corporal Punishment in Schools
        98. Page 1402
          Counseling Families Who Choose Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Their Child With Chronic Illness or Disability
        99. Page 1402
          Counseling the Adolescent About Pregnancy Options
        100. Page 1402
          Countering Vaccine Hesitancy
        101. Page 1402
          Creating Healthy Camp Experiences
        102. Page 1402
          Critical Elements for the Pediatric Perioperative Anesthesia Environment
        103. Page 1402
          The Crucial Role of Recess in School
        104. Page 1402
          Dealing With the Parent Whose Judgment Is Impaired by Alcohol or Drugs: Legal and Ethical Considerations
        105. Page 1403
          Death of a Child in the Emergency Department
        106. Page 1403
          Death of a Child in the Emergency Department (Technical Report)
        107. Page 1403
          Definition of a Pediatrician
        108. Page 1403
          Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Practice Guideline
        109. Page 1404
          Diagnosis and Management of an Initial Uti in Febrile Infants and Young Children
        110. Page 1404
          Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
        111. Page 1405
          Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma
        112. Page 1405
          Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma: Executive Summary
        113. Page 1405
          Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young Children (0-3 Years of Age)
        114. Page 1405
          Diagnosis of Hiv-1 Infection in Children Younger Than 18 Months in the United States
        115. Page 1406
          Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse
        116. Page 1406
          Disaster Planning for Schools
        117. Page 1406
          Disclosure of Adverse Events in Pediatrics
        118. Page 1406
          Dispensing Medications at the Hospital Upon Discharge From an Emergency Department
        119. Page 1406
          Distinguishing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome From Child Abuse Fatalities
        120. Page 1407
          Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery
        121. Page 1407
          Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children
        122. Page 1407
          Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children (Technical Report)
        123. Page 1407
          Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Role of the Pediatrician: Translating Developmental Science Into Lifelong Health
        124. Page 1408
          Early Childhood Caries in Indigenous Communities
        125. Page 1408
          Early Intervention, Idea Part C Services, and the Medical Home: Collaboration for Best Practice and Best Outcomes
        126. Page 1408
          Echocardiography in Infants and Children
        127. Page 1408
          Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions On the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods, and Hydrolyzed Formulas
        128. Page 1409
          Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
        129. Page 1409
          Electronic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Toward
        130. Page 1409
          Safer and More Effective Medication Management
        131. Page 1409
          Electronic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Toward Safer and More Effective Medication Management (Technical Report)
        132. Page 1409
          Electronic Prescribing Systems in Pediatrics: The Rationale and Functionality Requirements
        133. Page 1409
          Electronic Prescribing Systems in Pediatrics: The Rationale and Functionality Requirements (Technical Report)
        134. Page 1409
          Emergency Contraception
        135. Page 1410
          Emergency Contraception: Addendum
        136. Page 1410
          Emergency Information Forms and Emergency Preparedness for Children With Special Health Care Needs
        137. Page 1410
          Endorsement of Health and Human Services Recommendation for Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
        138. Page 1410
          Enhancing Pediatric Workforce Diversity and Providing Culturally Effective Pediatric Care: Implications for Practice, Education, and Policy Making
        139. Page 1411
          Ensuring the Health of Children in Disasters
        140. Page 1411
          Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Health Care-Associated Infections in the Nicu
        141. Page 1411
          Equipment for Ground Ambulances
        142. Page 1411
          Eradicating Polio: How the World’s Pediatricians Can Help Stop This Crippling Illness Forever
        143. Page 1412
          Essential Contractual Language for Medical Necessity in Children
        144. Page 1412
          Establishing a Standard Protocol for the Voiding Cystourethrography
        145. Page 1412
          Ethical and Policy Issues in Genetic Testing and Screening of Children
        146. Page 1412
          Ethical Considerations in Research With Socially Identifiable Populations
        147. Page 1412
          Ethical Controversies in Organ Donation After Circulatory Death
        148. Page 1413
          Ethical Issues With Genetic Testing in Pediatrics
        149. Page 1413
          Ethics and the Care of Critically Ill Infants and Children
        150. Page 1413
          Evaluating Children With Fractures for Child Physical Abuse
        151. Page 1413
          Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions That Predispose to Bleeding
        152. Page 1413
          Evaluating Infants and Young Children With Multiple Fractures
        153. Page 1414
          Evaluation and Management of Children and Adolescents With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part I: Common Clinical Challenges of Patients With Mental Health and/or Behavioral Emergencies
        154. Page 1415
          Evaluation and Management of Children and Adolescents With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part I: Common Clinical Challenges of Patients With Mental Health and/or Behavioral Emergencies-Executive Summary
        155. Page 1415
          Evaluation and Management of Children With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part Ii: Recognition of Clinically Challenging Mental Health Related Conditions Presenting With Medical or Uncertain Symptoms
        156. Page 1416
          Evaluation and Management of Children With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part Ii: Recognition of Clinically Challenging Mental Health Related Conditions Presenting With Medical or Uncertain Symptoms-Executive Summary
        157. Page 1416
          Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to Hiv-1 in the United States
        158. Page 1416
          Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to Hiv-1 in the United States-Addendum
        159. Page 1417
          Evaluation and Referral for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants
        160. Page 1417
          Evaluation and Referral of Children With Signs of Early Puberty
        161. Page 1417
          Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse
        162. Page 1417
          The Evaluation of Children in the Primary Care Setting When Sexual Abuse Is Suspected
        163. Page 1418
          The Evaluation of Sexual Behaviors in Children
        164. Page 1418
          The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse
        165. Page 1418
          Evidence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in Children: A Systematic Review
        166. Page 1418
          An Evidence-Based Review of Important Issues Concerning Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
        167. Page 1419
          Excessive Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young Adults: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment Strategies
        168. Page 1419
          Expert Witness Participation in Civil and Criminal Proceedings
        169. Page 1419
          Exposure to Nontraditional Pets at Home and to Animals in Public Settings: Risks to Children
        170. Page 1419
          Eye Examination in Infants, Children, and Young Adults by Pediatricians
        171. Page 1419
          The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse
        172. Page 1420
          Facilities and Equipment for the Care of Pediatric Patients in a Community Hospital
        173. Page 1420
          Failure to Thrive As a Manifestation of Child Neglect
        174. Page 1420
          Falls From Heights: Windows, Roofs, and Balconies
        175. Page 1420
          Families Affected by Parental Substance Use
        176. Page 1420
          Families and Adoption: The Pediatrician’s Role in Supporting Communication
        177. Page 1420
          Fathers’ Roles in the Care and Development of Their Children: The Role of Pediatricians
        178. Page 1420
          The Female Athlete Triad
        179. Page 1421
          Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
        180. Page 1421
          Fever and Antipyretic Use in Children
        181. Page 1421
          Financing Graduate Medical Education to Meet the Needs of Children and the Future Pediatrician Workforce
        182. Page 1422
          Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care
        183. Page 1422
          Firearm-Related Injuries Affecting the Pediatric Population
        184. Page 1422
          Fireworks-Related Injuries to Children
        185. Page 1422
          Fluoride Use in Caries Prevention in the Primary Care Setting
        186. Page 1422
          Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects
        187. Page 1423
          Follow-Up Management of Children With Tympanostomy Tubes
        188. Page 1423
          Forgoing Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment in Abused Children
        189. Page 1423
          Forgoing Medically Provided Nutrition and Hydration in Children
        190. Page 1423
          The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care
        191. Page 1424
          Gastroesophageal Reflux: Management Guidance for the Pediatrician
        192. Page 1424
          Generic Prescribing, Generic Substitution, and Therapeutic Substitution
        193. Page 1424
          Global Climate Change and Children’s Health
        194. Page 1424
          Global Climate Change and Children’s Health (Technical Report)
        195. Page 1424
          Graduate Medical Education and Pediatric Workforce Issues and Principles
        196. Page 1424
          Guidance for Effective Discipline
        197. Page 1425
          Guidance for the Administration of Medication in School
        198. Page 1425
          Guidance On Management of Asymptomatic Neonates Born to Women With Active Genital Herpes Lesions
        199. Page 1425
          Guidelines for Care of Children in the Emergency Department
        200. Page 1425
          Guidelines for Developing Admission and Discharge Policies for the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
        201. Page 1426
          Guidelines for Home Care of Infants, Children, and Adolescents With Chronic Disease
        202. Page 1426
          Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Update 2016
        203. Page 1426
          Guidelines for Pediatric Cancer Centers
        204. Page 1426
          Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiovascular Centers
        205. Page 1426
          Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Infants and Children: An Update of the 1987 Task Force Recommendations
        206. Page 1427
          Guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Studies to Evaluate Drugs in Pediatric Populations
        207. Page 1427
          Guidelines On Forgoing Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment
        208. Page 1427
          Guiding Principles for Managed Care Arrange Ments for the Health Care of Newborns, Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
        209. Page 1427
          Guiding Principles for Pediatric Hospital Medicine Programs
        210. Page 1427
          Gynecologic Examination for Adolescents in the Pediatric Office Setting
        211. Page 1428
          Handoffs: Transitions of Care for Children in the Emergency Department
        212. Page 1428
          Head Lice
        213. Page 1428
          Health and Mental Health Needs of Children in Us Military Families
        214. Page 1428
          Health Care for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System
        215. Page 1428
          Health Care Issues for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care and Kinship Care
        216. Page 1429
          Health Care Issues for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care and Kinship Care (Technical Report)
        217. Page 1429
          Health Care of Youth Aging Out of Foster Care
        218. Page 1429
          Health Care Supervision for Children With Williams Syndrome
        219. Page 1429
          Health Equity and Children’s Rights
        220. Page 1429
          Health Information Technology and the Medical Home
        221. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Achondroplasia
        222. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Down Syndrome
        223. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Fragile X Syndrome
        224. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Marfan Syndrome
        225. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Neurofibromatosis
        226. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome
        227. Page 1430
          Health Supervision for Children With Sickle Cell Disease
        228. Page 1431
          Hearing Assessment in Infants and Children: Recommendations Beyond Neonatal Screening
        229. Page 1431
          Helping Children and Families Deal With Divorce and Separation
        230. Page 1431
          High-Deductible Health Plans
        231. Page 1431
          High-Deductible Health Plans and the New Risks of Consumer-Driven Health Insurance Products
        232. Page 1432
          Hiv Testing and Prophylaxis to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission in the United States
        233. Page 1432
          Home, Hospital, and Other Non-School-Based Instruction for Children and Adolescents Who Are Medically Unable to Attend School
        234. Page 1432
          Home Care of Children and Youth With Complex Health Care Needs and Technology Dependencies
        235. Page 1432
          Honoring Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation Requests in Schools
        236. Page 1432
          Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate
        237. Page 1433
          The Hospital Record of the Injured Child and the Need for External Cause-of-Injury Codes
        238. Page 1433
          Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborn Infants
        239. Page 1433
          Human Embryonic Stem Cell (Hesc) and Human Embryo Research
        240. Page 1433
          Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Blood-Borne Viral Pathogens in the Athletic Setting
        241. Page 1433
          Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States
        242. Page 1433
          Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in the United States
        243. Page 1434
          Hypothermia and Neonatal Encephalopathy
        244. Page 1434
          Identification and Care of Hiv-Exposed and Hiv-Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents in Foster Care
        245. Page 1434
          Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
        246. Page 1434
          Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
        247. Page 1435
          Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders in the Medical Home: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening
        248. Page 1435
          Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery
        249. Page 1435
          Immunization for Streptococcus Pneumonia Infections in High-Risk Children
        250. Page 1435
          Immunization Information Systems
        251. Page 1436
          Immunizing Parents and Other Close Family Contacts in the Pediatric Office Setting
        252. Page 1436
          The Impact of Marijuana Policies On Youth: Clinical, Research, and Legal Update
        253. Page 1436
          The Impact of Marijuana Policies On Youth: Clinical, Research, and Legal Update (Technical Report)
        254. Page 1436
          Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth
        255. Page 1437
          The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families
        256. Page 1437
          The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bond: Focus On Children in Poverty
        257. Page 1437
          The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds
        258. Page 1437
          Improving Substance Abuse Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment Financing for Children and Adolescents
        259. Page 1437
          The Inappropriate Use of School “Readiness” Tests
        260. Page 1437
          Incidental Findings On Brain and Spine Imaging in Children
        261. Page 1438
          Incorporating Recognition and Management of Perinatal and Postpartum Depression Into Pediatric Practice
        262. Page 1438
          Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for Children With Hiv Infection
        263. Page 1438
          Increasing Immunization Coverage
        264. Page 1439
          Indications for Management and Referral of Patients Involved in Substance Abuse
        265. Page 1439
          The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (Idea) for Children With Special Educational Needs
        266. Page 1439
          Indoor Environmental Control Practices and Asthma Management
        267. Page 1439
          Infant Feeding and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States
        268. Page 1439
          Infant Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary Nitrate in Food and Water
        269. Page 1440
          Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings
        270. Page 1440
          Infectious Complications With the Use of Biologic Response Modifiers in Infants and Children
        271. Page 1440
          Influenza Immunization for All Health Care Personnel: Keep It Mandatory
        272. Page 1440
          Informed Consent in Decision-Making in Pediatric Practice
        273. Page 1441
          Informed Consent in Decision-Making in Pediatric Practice (Technical Report)
        274. Page 1441
          Inhalant Abuse
        275. Page 1441
          Injuries Associated With Infant Walkers
        276. Page 1441
          Injuries in Youth Soccer
        277. Page 1441
          Injury Risk of Nonpowder Guns
        278. Page 1442
          In-Line Skating Injuries in Children and Adolescents
        279. Page 1442
          Institutional Ethics Committees
        280. Page 1442
          Instrument-Based Pediatric Vision Screening Policy Statement
        281. Page 1442
          Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update On Causes and Consequences
        282. Page 1442
          Insurance Coverage of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for Children and Adolescents: A Consensus Statement
        283. Page 1442
          Intensive Training and Sports Specialization in Young Athletes
        284. Page 1442
          Interferon-Dclentgammazzz Release Assays for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Children
        285. Page 1443
          Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Pediatrician
        286. Page 1443
          Iodine Deficiency, Pollutant Chemicals, and the Thyroid: New Information On an Old Problem
        287. Page 1443
          Lactose Intolerance in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
        288. Page 1443
          “Late-Preterm” Infants: A Population at Risk
        289. Page 1443
          Lawn Mower-Related Injuries to Children
        290. Page 1444
          Lawn Mower-Related Injuries to Children (Technical Report)
        291. Page 1444
          Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision
        292. Page 1444
          Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision (Technical Report)
        293. Page 1444
          Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact On Youth
        294. Page 1444
          Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact On Youth (Technical Report)
        295. Page 1445
          Levels of Neonatal Care
        296. Page 1445
          The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
        297. Page 1445
          Literacy Promotion: An Essential Component of Primary Care Pediatric Practice
        298. Page 1445
          Long-Term Follow-Up Care for Pediatric Cancer Survivors
        299. Page 1446
          Maintaining and Improving the Oral Health of Young Children
        300. Page 1446
          Male Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care
        301. Page 1446
          Male Circumcision
        302. Page 1447
          Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities
        303. Page 1447
          Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
        304. Page 1447
          Management of Dental Trauma in a Primary Care Setting
        305. Page 1448
          Management of Food Allergy in the School Setting
        306. Page 1448
          Management of Neonates With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis
        307. Page 1448
          Management of Pediatric Trauma
        308. Page 1448
          Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
        309. Page 1448
          Marijuana: A Continuing Concern for Pediatricians
        310. Page 1448
          Maternal Phenylketonuria
        311. Page 1448
          Maternal-Fetal Intervention and Fetal Care Centers
        312. Page 1449
          Media and Young Minds
        313. Page 1451
          Media Education
        314. Page 1451
          Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years
        315. Page 1451
          Media Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
        316. Page 1451
          Media Violence
        317. Page 1451
          Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States
        318. Page 1451
          Medicaid Policy Statement
        319. Page 1451
          Medical Concerns in the Female Athlete
        320. Page 1451
          Medical Conditions Affecting Sports Participation
        321. Page 1451
          Medical Countermeasures for Children in Public Health Emergencies, Disasters, or Terrorism
        322. Page 1451
          Medical Emergencies Occurring at School
        323. Page 1452
          The Medical Home
        324. Page 1452
          Medical Staff Appointment and Delineation of Pediatric Privileges in Hospitals
        325. Page 1452
          Medical Versus Nonmedical Immunization Exemptions for Child Care and School Attendance
        326. Page 1452
          Medication-Assisted Treatment of Adolescents With Opioid Use Disorders
        327. Page 1452
          Menstrual Management for Adolescents With Disabilities
        328. Page 1453
          Metric Units and the Preferred Dosing of Orally Administered Liquid Medications
        329. Page 1453
          Mind-Body Therapies in Children and Youth
        330. Page 1453
          Minors as Living Solid-Organ Donors
        331. Page 1453
          Model Contractual Language for Medical Necessity for Children
        332. Page 1453
          Molecular Genetic Testing in Pediatric Practice: A Subject Review
        333. Page 1453
          Motor Delays: Early Identification and Evaluation
        334. Page 1454
          Neonatal Drug Withdrawal
        335. Page 1454
          The New Morbidity Revisited: A Renewed Commitment to the Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatric Care
        336. Page 1454
          Newborn Screening Expands: Recommendations for Pediatricians and Medical Homes-Implications for the System
        337. Page 1454
          Newborn Screening for Biliary Atresia
        338. Page 1454
          Nondiscrimination in Pediatric Health Care
        339. Page 1454
          Noninitiation or Withdrawal of Intensive Care for High-Risk Newborns
        340. Page 1455
          Noninvasive Respiratory Support
        341. Page 1455
          Nonoral Feeding for Children and Youth With Developmental or Acquired Disabilities
        342. Page 1455
          Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animal Agriculture: Implications for Pediatrics
        343. Page 1455
          Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth
        344. Page 1455
          Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth (Technical Report)
        345. Page 1456
          Office-Based Counseling for Unintentional Injury Prevention
        346. Page 1456
          Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children
        347. Page 1456
          Ophthalmologic Examinations in Children With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
        348. Page 1456
          Optimizing Bone Health in Children and Adolescents
        349. Page 1456
          Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect
        350. Page 1457
          Oral Health Care for Children With Developmental Disabilities
        351. Page 1457
          Organic Foods: Health and Environmental Advantages and Disadvantages
        352. Page 1457
          Organized Sports for Children and Preadolescents
        353. Page 1457
          Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities
        354. Page 1458
          Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities-Addendum: Care Options for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities and Medical Complexity
        355. Page 1458
          Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion
        356. Page 1458
          Overcrowding Crisis in Our Nation’s Emergency Departments: Is Our Safety Net Unraveling?
        357. Page 1458
          Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes
        358. Page 1459
          Oxygen Targeting in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
        359. Page 1459
          Palliative Care for Children
        360. Page 1459
          Parent-Provider-Community Partnerships: Optimizing Outcomes for Children With Disabilities
        361. Page 1459
          Parental Leave for Residents and Pediatric Training Programs
        362. Page 1460
          Parental Presence During Treatment of Ebola or Other Highly Consequential Infection
        363. Page 1460
          Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
        364. Page 1460
          Patient- and Family-Centered Care and the Pediatrician’s Role
        365. Page 1460
          Patient- and Family-Centered Care and the Role of the Emergency Physician Providing Care to a Child in the Emergency Department
        366. Page 1461
          Patient- and Family-Centered Care Coordination: A Framework for Integrating Care for Children and Youth Across Multiple Systems
        367. Page 1461
          Patient- and Family-Centered Care of Children in the Emergency Department
        368. Page 1461
          Patient Safety in the Pediatric Emergency Care Setting
        369. Page 1461
          Payment for Telephone Care
        370. Page 1461
          Pedestrian Safety
        371. Page 1462
          Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System
        372. Page 1462
          Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management
        373. Page 1462
          Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management: Executive Summary
        374. Page 1462
          Pediatric Aspects of Inpatient Health Information Technology Systems
        375. Page 1463
          Pediatric Care Recommendations for Freestanding Urgent Care Facilities
        376. Page 1463
          Pediatric Fellowship Training
        377. Page 1463
          Pediatric Mental Health Emergencies in the Emergency Medical Services System
        378. Page 1463
          Pediatric Observation Units
        379. Page 1463
          Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation
        380. Page 1463
          Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care Commitments, Guidelines, and Recommendations
        381. Page 1464
          Pediatric Primary Health Care
        382. Page 1464
          Pediatric Sudden Cardiac Arrest
        383. Page 1464
          The Pediatrician and Childhood Bereavement
        384. Page 1464
          The Pediatrician and Disaster Preparedness
        385. Page 1465
          The Pediatrician Workforce: Current Status and Future Prospects
        386. Page 1465
          Pediatrician Workforce Policy Statement
        387. Page 1465
          Pediatrician-Family-Patient Relationships: Managing the Boundaries
        388. Page 1465
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Child Maltreatment Prevention
        389. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Community Pediatrics
        390. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Development and Implementation of an Individual Education Plan (IEP) and/or an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP)
        391. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Family Support and Family Support Programs
        392. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Optimizing School Readiness
        393. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in Supporting Adoptive Families
        394. Page 1466
          The Pediatrician’s Role in the Evaluation and Preparation of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Anesthesia
        395. Page 1467
          The Pediatrician’s Role in the Prevention of Missing Children
        396. Page 1467
          Personal Watercraft Use by Children and Adolescents
        397. Page 1467
          Pesticide Exposure in Children
        398. Page 1467
          Pesticide Exposure in Children (Technical Report)
        399. Page 1467
          Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation
        400. Page 1468
          Physician Health and Wellness
        401. Page 1468
          Physician Refusal to Provide Information or Treatment on the Basis of Claims of Conscience
        402. Page 1468
          Physicians’ Roles in Coordinating Care of Hospitalized Children
        403. Page 1468
          Planned Home Birth
        404. Page 1469
          Point-of-Care Ultrasonography by Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians
        405. Page 1469
          Point-of-Care Ultrasonography by Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians (Technical Report)
        406. Page 1469
          Postdischarge Follow-Up of Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
        407. Page 1469
          Postexposure Prophylaxis in Children and Adolescents for Nonoccupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus
        408. Page 1470
          Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
        409. Page 1470
          Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in Late-Preterm and Term Infants
        410. Page 1470
          Poverty and Child Health in the United States
        411. Page 1470
          Precertification Process
        412. Page 1470
          Premedication for Nonemergency Endotracheal Intubation in the Neonate
        413. Page 1470
          Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-Term Effects On the Exposed Fetus
        414. Page 1471
          The Prenatal Visit
        415. Page 1471
          Preparation for Emergencies in the Offices of Pediatricians and Pediatric Primary Care Providers
        416. Page 1471
          Preparing for Pediatric Emergencies: Drugs to Consider
        417. Page 1471
          Prescribing Assistive-Technology Systems: Focus On Children With Impaired Communication
        418. Page 1472
          Prescribing Therapy Services for Children With Motor Disabilities
        419. Page 1472
          Preservation of Fertility in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Cancer
        420. Page 1472
          Preventing and Treating Homesickness
        421. Page 1472
          Preventing Obesity and Eating Disorders in Adolescents
        422. Page 1472
          Prevention and Management of Positional Skull Deformities in Infants
        423. Page 1473
          Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update
        424. Page 1473
          Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children, With Special Emphasis On American Indian and Alaska Native Children
        425. Page 1473
          Prevention of Agricultural Injuries Among Children and Adolescents
        426. Page 1473
          Prevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity
        427. Page 1473
          Prevention of Choking Among Children
        428. Page 1474
          Prevention of Drowning
        429. Page 1474
          Prevention of Drowning (Technical Report)
        430. Page 1474
          Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity
        431. Page 1474
          Prevention of Rotavirus Disease: Updated Guidelines for Use of Rotavirus Vaccine
        432. Page 1474
          Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings
        433. Page 1474
          The Prevention of Unintentional Injury Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children: A Subject Review
        434. Page 1475
          Preventive Oral Health Intervention for Pediatricians
        435. Page 1475
          Principles for the Development and Use of Quality Measures
        436. Page 1475
          Principles of Health Care Financing
        437. Page 1475
          Principles of Judicious Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatrics
        438. Page 1475
          Principles of Pediatric Patient Safety: Reducing Harm Due to Medical Care
        439. Page 1476
          Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics
        440. Page 1476
          Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians
        441. Page 1476
          Professional Liability Insurance and Medicolegal Education for Pediatric Residents and Fellows
        442. Page 1476
          Professionalism in Pediatrics
        443. Page 1476
          Professionalism in Pediatrics: Statement of Principles
        444. Page 1476
          Promoting Education, Mentorship, and Support for Pediatric Research
        445. Page 1477
          Promoting Food Security for All Children
        446. Page 1477
          Promoting Optimal Development: Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Problems
        447. Page 1477
          Promoting the Participation of Children With Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, and Physical Activities
        448. Page 1477
          Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose Parents Are Gay or Lesbian
        449. Page 1478
          Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose Parents Are Gay or Lesbian (Technical Report)
        450. Page 1478
          Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes
        451. Page 1478
          Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by Health Care Providers
        452. Page 1478
          Protecting Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
        453. Page 1478
          Protective Eyewear for Young Athletes
        454. Page 1479
          Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy
        455. Page 1479
          Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Spina Bifida
        456. Page 1479
          Providing Care for Children and Adolescents Facing Homelessness and Housing Insecurity
        457. Page 1479
          Providing Care for Immigrant, Migrant, and Border Children
        458. Page 1479
          Providing Psychosocial Support to Children and Families in the Aftermath of Disasters and Crises
        459. Page 1480
          Provision of Educationally Related Services for Children and Adolescents With Chronic Diseases and Disabling Conditions
        460. Page 1480
          Psychological Maltreatment
        461. Page 1480
          Psychosocial Implications of Disaster or Terrorism On Children: A Guide for the Pediatrician
        462. Page 1480
          Psychosocial Risks of Chronic Health Conditions in Childhood and Adolescence
        463. Page 1480
          Psychosocial Support for Youth Living With HIV
        464. Page 1481
          Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
        465. Page 1481
          Quality Early Education and Child Care From Birth to Kindergarten
        466. Page 1481
          Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Research on Child Health
        467. Page 1481
          Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and Health Care of Children
        468. Page 1482
          Radiation Disasters and Children
        469. Page 1482
          Radiation Risk to Children From Computed Tomography
        470. Page 1482
          Recognition and Management of Iatrogenically Induced Opioid Dependence and Withdrawal in Children
        471. Page 1483
          Recognition and Management of Medical Complexity
        472. Page 1483
          Recognizing and Responding to Medical Neglect
        473. Page 1483
          Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2016-2017
        474. Page 1484
          Recommendations for Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine for Persons 10 Years and Older
        475. Page 1484
          Recommendations for the Prevention of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in Infants and Children: Use of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Pcv13) and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Ppsv23)
        476. Page 1484
          Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule-United States, 2017
        477. Page 1484
          Red Reflex Examination in Neonates, Infants, and Children
        478. Page 1484
          Reducing Injury Risk From Body Checking in Boys’ Youth Ice Hockey
        479. Page 1484
          Reducing the Number of Deaths and Injuries From Residential Fires
        480. Page 1484
          Referral to Pediatric Surgical Specialists
        481. Page 1485
          Reimbursement for Foods for Special Dietary Use
        482. Page 1485
          Relief of Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients in Emergency Medical Systems
        483. Page 1485
          Religious Objections to Medical Care
        484. Page 1485
          Rescue Medicine for Epilepsy in Education Settings
        485. Page 1485
          Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants at Birth
        486. Page 1486
          Responding to Parental Refusals of Immunization of Children
        487. Page 1486
          Restraint Use on Aircraft
        488. Page 1486
          Returning to Learning Following a Concussion
        489. Page 1486
          Ritual Genital Cutting of Female Minors
        490. Page 1486
          Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support Training Courses for Parents and the Public
        491. Page 1486
          Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support Training Courses for Parents and the Public (Technical Report)
        492. Page 1486
          The Role of Preschool Home-Visiting Programs in Improving Children’s Developmental and Health Outcomes
        493. Page 1487
          Role of Pulse Oximetry in Examining Newborns for Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the Aha and Aap
        494. Page 1487
          The Role of Schools in Combating Illicit Substance Abuse
        495. Page 1487
          Role of the Medical Home in Family-Centered Early Intervention Services
        496. Page 1488
          The Role of the Pediatrician in Primary Prevention of Obesity
        497. Page 1488
          The Role of the Pediatrician in Rural Emergency Medical Services for Children
        498. Page 1488
          Role of the Pediatrician in Youth Violence Prevention
        499. Page 1488
          Role of the School Nurse in Providing School Health Services
        500. Page 1488
          Role of the School Physician
        501. Page 1488
          Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns
        502. Page 1488
          Safe Transportation of Newborns at Hospital Discharge
        503. Page 1489
          Safe Transportation of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants at Hospital Discharge
        504. Page 1489
          School Bus Transportation of Children With Special Health Care Needs
        505. Page 1489
          School Health Assessments
        506. Page 1489
          School Health Centers and Other Integrated School Health Services
        507. Page 1489
          School Readiness
        508. Page 1490
          School Start Times for Adolescents
        509. Page 1490
          School Transportation Safety
        510. Page 1490
          School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice
        511. Page 1490
          School-Based Mental Health Services
        512. Page 1490
          Scope of Health Care Benefits for Children From Birth Through Age 26
        513. Page 1490
          Scope of Practice Issues in the Delivery of Pediatric Health Care
        514. Page 1491
          Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity
        515. Page 1491
          Screening for Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults
        516. Page 1491
          Screening for Retinopathy in the Pediatric Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
        517. Page 1491
          Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure
        518. Page 1491
          Selecting Appropriate Toys for Young Children: The Pediatrician’s Role
        519. Page 1492
          Self-Injectable Epinephrine for First-Aid Management of Anaphylaxis
        520. Page 1492
          Sensory Integration Therapies for Children With Developmental and Behavioral Disorders
        521. Page 1492
          Sexual Orientation and Adolescents
        522. Page 1492
          Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media
        523. Page 1493
          Sexuality Education for Children and Adolescents
        524. Page 1493
          Sexuality of Children and Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities
        525. Page 1493
          Shopping Cart-Related Injuries to Children
        526. Page 1493
          Shopping Cart-Related Injuries to Children (Technical Report)
        527. Page 1494
          Sids and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
        528. Page 1494
          Sids and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
        529. Page 1494
          Skateboard and Scooter Injuries
        530. Page 1494
          Skin-to-Skin Care for Term and Preterm Infants in the Neonatal ICU
        531. Page 1494
          Snacks, Sweetened Beverages, Added Sugars, and Schools
        532. Page 1495
          Snowmobiling Hazards
        533. Page 1495
          Soft Drinks in Schools
        534. Page 1495
          Special Requirements of Electronic Health Record Systems in Pediatrics
        535. Page 1495
          Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects From Molds
        536. Page 1496
          Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects From Molds (Technical Report)
        537. Page 1496
          Sport-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents
        538. Page 1496
          Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?
        539. Page 1496
          Sports Specialization and Intensive Training in Young Athletes
        540. Page 1496
          Standard Terminology for Fetal, Infant, and Perinatal Deaths
        541. Page 1497
          Standardization of Inpatient Handoff Communication
        542. Page 1497
          Standards for Health Information Technology to Ensure Adolescent Privacy
        543. Page 1497
          Standards for Pediatric Cancer Centers
        544. Page 1497
          State Children’s Health Insurance Program Achievements, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations
        545. Page 1497
          Strategies for Prevention of Health Care-Associated Infections in the Nicu
        546. Page 1497
          Strength Training by Children and Adolescents
        547. Page 1498
          Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
        548. Page 1498
          Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (Clinical Report)
        549. Page 1498
          Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents
        550. Page 1498
          Supplemental Security Income (Ssi) for Children and Youth With Disabilities
        551. Page 1498
          Supporting the Family After the Death of a Child
        552. Page 1498
          Supporting the Grieving Child and Family
        553. Page 1499
          Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home
        554. Page 1499
          Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Preterm and Term Neonates With Respiratory Distress
        555. Page 1499
          Swimming Programs for Infants and Toddlers
        556. Page 1499
          Tackling in Youth Football
        557. Page 1500
          The Teen Driver
        558. Page 1500
          Telemedicine for Evaluation of Retinopathy of Prematurity
        559. Page 1500
          Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications
        560. Page 1500
          Testing for Drugs of Abuse in Children and Adolescents
        561. Page 1500
          Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs: The Role of the Pediatrician in Prevention, Identification, and Management of Substance Abuse
        562. Page 1501
          Tobacco as a Substance of Abuse
        563. Page 1501
          Tobacco Use: A Pediatric Disease
        564. Page 1501
          Toward Transparent Clinical Policies
        565. Page 1501
          Trampoline Safety in Childhood and Adolescence
        566. Page 1501
          The Transfer of Drugs and Therapeutics Into Human Breast Milk: An Update on Selected Topics
        567. Page 1502
          Transitioning HIV-Infected Youth Into Adult Health Care
        568. Page 1502
          Transporting Children With Special Health Care Needs
        569. Page 1502
          The Treatment of Neurologically Impaired Children Using Patterning
        570. Page 1502
          Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents
        571. Page 1502
          Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents (Technical Report)
        572. Page 1503
          Umbilical Cord Care in the Newborn Infant
        573. Page 1503
          Underinsurance of Adolescents: Recommendations for Improved Coverage of Preventive, Reproductive, and Behavioral Health Care Services
        574. Page 1503
          Understanding the Behavioral and Emotional Consequences of Child Abuse
        575. Page 1504
          Update of Newborn Screening and Therapy for Congenital Hypothyroidism
        576. Page 1504
          Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
        577. Page 1504
          Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
        578. Page 1504
          Updated Recommendations on the Use of Meningococcal Vaccines
        579. Page 1505
          The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics
        580. Page 1505
          Use of Chaperones During the Physical Examination of the Pediatric Patient
        581. Page 1505
          Use of Codeine- and Dextromethorphan-Containing Cough Remedies in Children
        582. Page 1505
          The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatrics
        583. Page 1505
          Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide
        584. Page 1505
          Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants
        585. Page 1505
          Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances
        586. Page 1506
          Use of Soy Protein-Based Formulas in Infant Feeding
        587. Page 1506
          The Use of Systemic and Topical Fluoroquinolones
        588. Page 1506
          The Use of Telemedicine to Address Access and Physician Workforce Shortages
        589. Page 1506
          Uses of Drugs Not Described in the Package Insert (Off-Label Uses)
        590. Page 1507
          Ventricular Fibrillation and the Use of Automated External Defibrillators on Children
        591. Page 1507
          Virtual Violence
        592. Page 1507
          Visual System Assessment in Infants, Children, and Young Adults by Pediatricians
        593. Page 1507
          When Is Lack of Supervision Neglect?
        594. Page 1507
          WIC Program
        595. Page 1508
          Withholding or Termination of Resuscitation in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest
        596. Page 1508
          Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs
        597. Page 1508
          Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts
        598. Page 1511