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Caring for Your Baby and Young Child, 5th edition

Birth to Age 5

Edited by Steven P. Shelov, MD, MS, FAAP and Tanya Remer Altmann, MD, FAAP
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The trusted guide that parents have turned to for nearly 20 years just got even better--with new chapters on sleep and allergies, along with new content on resilience, prebiotics and probiotics, and other healthy lifestyle topics. Information on obesity, exercise, and nutrition has been expanded as well. AAP flagship consumer title with more than 400 million copies in print.

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  1. Page xix
    Foreword
  2. Page xxi
    Introduction: The Gifts of Parenthood
    1. Page xxii
      Your Child’s Gifts to You
    2. Page xxiii
      The Gifts You Give Your Child
    3. Page xxvi
      How to Make Giving a Part of Your Daily Family Life
  3. Page 1
    Part 1
    1. Page 3
      1. Preparing for a New Baby
      1. Page 4
        Giving Your Baby a Healthy Start
      2. Page 9
        Getting the Best Prenatal Care
        1. Page 10
          Nutrition
        2. Page 10
          Eating for Two
        3. Page 10
          Exercise
        4. Page 10
          Tests During Pregnancy
      3. Page 13
        Preparing for Delivery
      4. Page 16
        Choosing a Pediatrician
        1. Page 17
          A Pediatrician’s Training
        2. Page 17
          Finding a Pediatrician
      5. Page 23
        Issues to Discuss with Your Pediatrician
        1. Page 23
          When Should the Baby Leave the Hospital?
        2. Page 23
          Should the Baby Be Circumcised?
        3. Page 24
          Should I Breastfeed or Bottle-Feed?
        4. Page 25
          Should I Store My Newborn’s Cord Blood?
      6. Page 26
        Preparing Your Home and Family for the Baby’s Arrival
        1. Page 26
          Choosing a Layette
        2. Page 27
          Buying Furniture and Baby Equipment
        3. Page 32
          Preparing Your Other Children for the Baby’s Arrival
        4. Page 36
          Finally—Delivery Day!
    2. Page 39
      2. Birth and the First Moments After
      1. Page 40
        Routine Vaginal Delivery
      2. Page 42
        Delivery by Cesarean Section
      3. Page 44
        Delivery Room Procedures Following a Normal Vaginal Birth
      4. Page 47
        Leaving the Delivery Area
      5. Page 47
        If Your Baby Is Premature
      6. Page 52
        Reflecting on Your Baby’s Arrival
    3. Page 53
      3. Basic Infant Care
      1. Page 54
        Day to Day
        1. Page 54
          Responding to Your Baby’s Cries
        2. Page 57
          Helping Your Baby Sleep
        3. Page 57
          Positioning for Sleep
        4. Page 59
          Diapers
        5. Page 63
          Urination
        6. Page 63
          Bowel Movements
        7. Page 65
          Bathing
        8. Page 68
          Skin and Nail Care
        9. Page 71
          Clothing
      2. Page 74
        Your Baby’s Basic Health Care
        1. Page 74
          Taking a Rectal Temperature
        2. Page 75
          Visiting the Pediatrician
        3. Page 77
          Immunizations
    4. Page 79
      4. Feeding Your Baby: Breast and Bottle
      1. Page 81
        Breastfeeding
        1. Page 83
          Getting Started: Preparing for Lactation
        2. Page 84
          Letting Down and Latching On
        3. Page 87
          The First Feeding
        4. Page 91
          When Your Milk Supply Increases
        5. Page 94
          How Often and How Long?
        6. Page 98
          What About Bottles?
        7. Page 99
          Milk Expression and Storage
        8. Page 102
          Possible Nursing Concerns and Questions
      2. Page 107
        Bottle-Feeding
        1. Page 108
          Why Formula Instead of Cow’s Milk?
        2. Page 109
          Choosing a Formula
        3. Page 111
          Preparing, Sterilizing, and Storing Formula
        4. Page 114
          The Feeding Process
        5. Page 115
          Amount and Schedule of Formula Feedings
      3. Page 117
        Supplementation for Breastfed and Bottle-Fed Infants
        1. Page 117
          Vitamin Supplements
        2. Page 118
          Iron Supplements
        3. Page 119
          Water and Juice
        4. Page 120
          Fluoride Supplements
      4. Page 120
        Burping, Hiccups, and Spitting Up
        1. Page 120
          Burping
        2. Page 122
          Hiccups
        3. Page 122
          Spitting Up
    5. Page 125
      5. Your Baby’s First Days
      1. Page 125
        Your Newborn’s First Days
        1. Page 126
          How Your Newborn Looks
        2. Page 132
          Your Baby’s Birth Weight and Measurements
        3. Page 133
          How Your Newborn Behaves
        4. Page 135
          Going Home
      2. Page 136
        Parenting Issues
        1. Page 136
          Mother’s Feelings
        2. Page 140
          Father’s Feelings
        3. Page 141
          Sibling’s Feelings
      3. Page 142
        Health Watch
      4. Page 147
        Your Newborn’s First Physical Exams
    6. Page 149
      6. The First Month
      1. Page 149
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 149
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 151
          Reflexes
        3. Page 157
          States of Consciousness
        4. Page 158
          Colic
        5. Page 161
          The First Smile
        6. Page 161
          Movement
        7. Page 162
          Vision
        8. Page 164
          Hearing
        9. Page 165
          Smell and Touch
        10. Page 166
          Temperament
      2. Page 168
        Basic Care
        1. Page 168
          Feeding and Nutrition
        2. Page 171
          Carrying Your Baby
        3. Page 171
          Pacifiers
        4. Page 173
          Going Outside
        5. Page 174
          Finding Help at Home
        6. Page 176
          Traveling with Your Baby
      3. Page 178
        The Family
        1. Page 178
          A Special Message to Mothers
        2. Page 179
          A Special Message to Fathers
        3. Page 180
          A Special Message to Grandparents
      4. Page 183
        Health Watch
      5. Page 189
        Safety Check
    7. Page 193
      7. Age One Month Through Three Months
      1. Page 194
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 194
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 195
          Movement
        3. Page 198
          Vision
        4. Page 200
          Hearing and Making Sounds
        5. Page 201
          Emotional and Social Development
      2. Page 206
        Basic Care
        1. Page 206
          Feeding
        2. Page 208
          Sleeping
        3. Page 208
          Siblings
      3. Page 210
        Health Watch
      4. Page 215
        Immunization Update
      5. Page 216
        Safety Check
    8. Page 217
      8. Age Four Months Through Seven Months
      1. Page 219
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 219
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 219
          Movement
        3. Page 223
          Vision
        4. Page 225
          Language Development
        5. Page 226
          Cognitive Development
        6. Page 228
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 231
        Basic Care
        1. Page 231
          Introducing Solid Foods
        2. Page 235
          Dietary Supplements
        3. Page 236
          Sleeping
        4. Page 237
          Teething
        5. Page 237
          Swings and Playpens
      3. Page 239
        Behavior
        1. Page 239
          Discipline
        2. Page 243
          Siblings
      4. Page 243
        Health Watch
      5. Page 246
        Immunization Update
      6. Page 246
        Safety Check
    9. Page 249
      9. Age Eight Months through Twelve Months
      1. Page 250
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 250
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 251
          Movement
        3. Page 256
          Hand and Finger Skills
        4. Page 257
          Language Development
        5. Page 260
          Cognitive Development
        6. Page 262
          Brain Development
        7. Page 264
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 270
        Basic Care
        1. Page 270
          Feeding
        2. Page 274
          Weaning from Breast to Bottle
        3. Page 275
          Weaning to a Cup
        4. Page 277
          Sleeping
      3. Page 278
        Behavior
        1. Page 278
          Discipline
        2. Page 280
          Siblings
        3. Page 281
          Grandparents
      4. Page 282
        Immunization Update
      5. Page 282
        Safety Check
    10. Page 285
      10. Your One-Year-Old
      1. Page 286
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 286
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 287
          Movement
        3. Page 289
          Hand and Finger Skills
        4. Page 290
          Language Development
        5. Page 292
          Cognitive Development
        6. Page 294
          Social Development
        7. Page 297
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 299
        Basic Care
        1. Page 299
          Feeding and Nutrition
        2. Page 310
          Getting Ready for Toilet Training
        3. Page 311
          Sleeping
      3. Page 312
        Behavior
        1. Page 312
          Discipline
        2. Page 315
          Coping with Temper Tantrums
        3. Page 318
          Family Relationships
      4. Page 320
        Immunization Update
      5. Page 320
        Safety Check
    11. Page 325
      11. Your Two-Year-Old
      1. Page 326
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 326
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 327
          Movement
        3. Page 329
          Hand and Finger Skills
        4. Page 330
          Language Development
        5. Page 331
          Cognitive Development
        6. Page 333
          Social Development
        7. Page 337
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 340
        Basic Care
        1. Page 340
          Feeding and Nutrition
        2. Page 342
          Teething and Dental Hygiene
        3. Page 344
          Toilet Training
        4. Page 347
          Sleeping
        5. Page 351
          Discipline
      3. Page 352
        Family Relationships
        1. Page 352
          A New Baby
        2. Page 355
          Hero Worship
      4. Page 357
        Visit to the Pediatrician
      5. Page 358
        Immunization Update
      6. Page 358
        Safety Check
    12. Page 361
      12. Your Three-Year-Old
      1. Page 362
        Growth and Development
        1. Page 362
          Physical Appearance and Growth
        2. Page 363
          Movement
        3. Page 365
          Hand and Finger Skills
        4. Page 367
          Language Development
        5. Page 370
          Cognitive Development
        6. Page 371
          Social Development
        7. Page 375
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 377
        Basic Care
        1. Page 377
          Feeding and Nutrition
        2. Page 378
          Beyond Toilet Training
        3. Page 380
          Bed-Wetting
        4. Page 381
          Sleeping
        5. Page 382
          Discipline
        6. Page 383
          Preparing for School
        7. Page 386
          Traveling with Your Preschooler
      3. Page 387
        Visit to the Pediatrician
      4. Page 388
        Immunization Update
      5. Page 389
        Safety Check
    13. Page 391
      13. Your Four- to Five-Year-Old
      1. Page 392
        Development
        1. Page 392
          Movement
        2. Page 393
          Hand and Finger Skills
        3. Page 394
          Language Development
        4. Page 397
          Cognitive Development
        5. Page 398
          Social Development
        6. Page 400
          Emotional Development
      2. Page 403
        Basic Care
        1. Page 403
          Healthy Lifestyle
        2. Page 406
          Feeding and Nutrition
        3. Page 409
          Sleeping
        4. Page 410
          Discipline
        5. Page 413
          Preparing for Kindergarten
      3. Page 416
        Visit to the Pediatrician
      4. Page 417
        Safety Check
      5. Page 418
        Traveling with Your Child
    14. Page 421
      14. Early Education and Child Care
      1. Page 422
        What to Look for in a Care Provider: Guidelines for the Toddler and Preschool Child
      2. Page 424
        Choices in Care
        1. Page 425
          In-Home Care/Nanny
        2. Page 428
          Family Child Care
        3. Page 430
          Child Care Centers
      3. Page 432
        Making a Final Selection
      4. Page 438
        Building a Relationship with Your Child’s Care Providers
      5. Page 440
        Resolving Conflicts
      6. Page 441
        What to Do When Your Child Is Sick
      7. Page 444
        Controlling Infectious Diseases
        1. Page 445
          Colds and Flu
        2. Page 445
          Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Parvovirus Infection
        3. Page 445
          Diarrheal Diseases
        4. Page 446
          Eye and Skin Infections
        5. Page 446
          Head Lice
        6. Page 446
          Hepatitis A Virus
        7. Page 447
          Hepatitis B Virus
        8. Page 447
          Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS
        9. Page 448
          Ringworm
      8. Page 448
        Preventing Injuries and Promoting Car Safety
      9. Page 450
        Care for Children with Special Needs
    15. Page 457
      15. Keeping Your Child Safe
      1. Page 458
        Why Children Get Injured
      2. Page 461
        Safety Inside Your Home
        1. Page 461
          Room to Room
        2. Page 461
          Nursery
        3. Page 465
          Kitchen
        4. Page 466
          Bathroom
        5. Page 467
          Garage and Basement
        6. Page 467
          All Rooms
      3. Page 470
        Baby Equipment
        1. Page 471
          High Chairs
        2. Page 471
          Infant Seats
        3. Page 473
          Playpens
        4. Page 474
          Walkers
        5. Page 474
          Pacifiers
        6. Page 475
          Toy Boxes and Toy Chests
        7. Page 475
          Toys
      4. Page 477
        Safety Outside the Home
        1. Page 477
          Car Safety Seats
        2. Page 478
          Choosing a Car Safety Seat
        3. Page 480
          Types of Car Safety Seats
        4. Page 484
          Installing a Car Safety Seat
        5. Page 486
          Using the Car Safety Seat
        6. Page 488
          Air Bag Safety
        7. Page 490
          What Parents Can Do
        8. Page 491
          Kids Around Cars
        9. Page 492
          Baby Carriers—Backpacks and Front Packs
        10. Page 492
          Strollers
        11. Page 493
          Shopping Cart Safety
        12. Page 494
          Bicycles and Tricycles
        13. Page 495
          Playgrounds
        14. Page 497
          Your Backyard
        15. Page 498
          Water Safety
        16. Page 501
          Safety Around Animals
      5. Page 502
        In the Community and Neighborhood
  4. Page 507
    Part 2
    1. Page 509
      16. Abdominal/Gastrointestinal Tract
      1. Page 509
        Abdominal Pain
      2. Page 512
        Appendicitis
      3. Page 514
        Celiac Disease
      4. Page 515
        Constipation
      5. Page 518
        Diarrhea
      6. Page 524
        Food Poisoning and Food Contamination
      7. Page 529
        Hepatitis
      8. Page 532
        Inguinal Hernia
      9. Page 533
        Communicating Hydrocele
      10. Page 534
        Malabsorption
      11. Page 535
        Reye Syndrome
      12. Page 536
        Vomiting
    2. Page 541
      17. Allergies
      1. Page 541
        Asthma
      2. Page 548
        Eczema
      3. Page 550
        Food Allergy
      4. Page 554
        Hay Fever/Nasal Allergy
      5. Page 557
        Hives
      6. Page 559
        Insect Bites and Stings
      7. Page 562
        Milk Allergy
    3. Page 565
      18. Behavior
      1. Page 565
        Anger, Aggression, and Biting
      2. Page 570
        Coping with Disasters and Terrorism
      3. Page 572
        Hyperactivity and the Distractible Child
      4. Page 576
        Media Use: Television and Computers
      5. Page 580
        Temper Tantrums
      6. Page 584
        Thumb and Finger Sucking
      7. Page 585
        Tics
    4. Page 587
      19. Chest and Lungs
      1. Page 587
        Bronchiolitis
      2. Page 589
        Cough
      3. Page 592
        Croup
      4. Page 593
        Flu/Influenza
      5. Page 596
        Pneumonia
      6. Page 597
        Tuberculosis
      7. Page 600
        Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
    5. Page 603
      20. Chronic Conditions and Diseases
      1. Page 603
        Coping with Chronic (Long-Term) Health Problems
      2. Page 606
        Anemia
      3. Page 609
        Cystic Fibrosis
      4. Page 611
        Diabetes Mellitus
      5. Page 614
        Failure to Thrive
      6. Page 616
        HIV Infection and AIDS
    6. Page 621
      21. Developmental Disabilities
      1. Page 622
        Autism Spectrum Disorders
      2. Page 627
        Cerebral Palsy
      3. Page 631
        Congenital Abnormalities
      4. Page 640
        Hearing Loss
      5. Page 644
        Intellectual Disability
    7. Page 647
      22. Ears, Nose, and Throat
      1. Page 647
        Colds/Upper Respiratory Infection
      2. Page 650
        Middle Ear Infections
      3. Page 655
        Sinusitis
      4. Page 656
        Epiglottitis
      5. Page 658
        Herpes Simplex
      6. Page 659
        Nosebleeds
      7. Page 661
        Sore Throat (Strep Throat, Tonsillitis)
      8. Page 663
        Swimmer’s Ear (External Otitis)
      9. Page 665
        Swollen Glands
      10. Page 667
        Tonsils and Adenoid
    8. Page 671
      23. Emergencies
      1. Page 674
        Bites
      2. Page 676
        Burns
      3. Page 679
        Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
      4. Page 679
        Choking
      5. Page 680
        Cuts and Scrapes
      6. Page 684
        Drowning
      7. Page 685
        Electric Shock
      8. Page 686
        Fingertip Injuries
      9. Page 687
        Fractures/Broken Bones
      10. Page 689
        Head Injury/Concussion
      11. Page 692
        Poisoning
    9. Page 697
      24. Environmental Health
      1. Page 697
        Air Pollution and Secondhand Smoke
      2. Page 699
        Asbestos
      3. Page 700
        Carbon Monoxide
      4. Page 700
        Contaminated Fish
      5. Page 701
        Drinking Water
      6. Page 704
        Lead Poisoning
      7. Page 707
        Pesticides/Herbicides
      8. Page 708
        Radon
    10. Page 711
      25. Eyes
      1. Page 714
        Amblyopia
      2. Page 715
        Cataracts
      3. Page 716
        Eye Infections
      4. Page 716
        Eye Injuries
      5. Page 718
        Eyelid Problems
      6. Page 719
        Glaucoma
      7. Page 720
        Strabismus
      8. Page 721
        Tear (or Lacrimal) Production Problems
      9. Page 722
        Vision Difficulties Requiring Corrective Lenses
    11. Page 723
      26. Family Issues
      1. Page 723
        Adoption
      2. Page 724
        Child Abuse and Neglect
      3. Page 728
        Divorce
      4. Page 733
        Grief Reactions
      5. Page 737
        Sibling Rivalry
      6. Page 739
        Single-Parent Families
      7. Page 741
        Stepfamilies
      8. Page 743
        Multiples
    12. Page 747
      27. Fever
    13. Page 757
      28. Genital and Urinary Systems
      1. Page 757
        Blood in the Urine (Hematuria)
      2. Page 758
        Circumcision
      3. Page 759
        Hypospadias
      4. Page 759
        Labial Adhesions
      5. Page 760
        Meatal Stenosis
      6. Page 761
        Proteinuria
      7. Page 762
        Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism)
      8. Page 763
        Urethral Valves
      9. Page 764
        Urinary Tract Infections
      10. Page 766
        Wetting Problems or Enuresis
    14. Page 771
      29. Head, Neck, and Nervous System
      1. Page 771
        Meningitis
      2. Page 774
        Motion Sickness
      3. Page 775
        Mumps
      4. Page 777
        Seizures, Convulsions, and Epilepsy
      5. Page 779
        Head Tilt (Torticollis)
    15. Page 783
      30. Heart
      1. Page 783
        Arrhythmias
      2. Page 785
        Heart Murmur
      3. Page 787
        Hypertension/High Blood Pressure
      4. Page 790
        Kawasaki Disease
    16. Page 793
      31. Immunizations
      1. Page 794
        Important and Safe
      2. Page 796
        What Shots Does Your Child Need?
    17. Page 801
      32. Musculoskeletal Problems
      1. Page 801
        Arthritis
      2. Page 805
        Bowlegs and Knock-Knees
      3. Page 806
        Elbow Injuries
      4. Page 807
        Flat Feet/Fallen Arches
      5. Page 808
        Limp
      6. Page 810
        Pigeon Toes (Intoeing)
      7. Page 811
        Sprains
    18. Page 813
      33. Skin
      1. Page 813
        Birthmarks and Hemangiomas
      2. Page 816
        Chickenpox
      3. Page 817
        Cradle Cap and Seborrheic Dermatitis
      4. Page 818
        Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)
      5. Page 819
        Hair Loss (Alopecia)
      6. Page 820
        Head Lice
      7. Page 822
        Impetigo
      8. Page 823
        Measles
      9. Page 825
        MRSA Infections
      10. Page 825
        Pinworms
      11. Page 826
        Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac
      12. Page 827
        Ringworm
      13. Page 828
        Roseola Infantum
      14. Page 829
        Rubella (German Measles)
      15. Page 831
        Scabies
      16. Page 832
        Scarlet Fever
      17. Page 833
        Sunburn
      18. Page 834
        Warts
      19. Page 835
        West Nile Virus
    19. Page 837
      34. Your Child’s Sleep
  5. Page 887
    Appendix
  6. Page 867
    Index

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